Flame retardants
Flame retardants are chemicals that manufacturers add to certain products to meet flammability standards. Some flame retardants pose health risks and impacts on the environment. Regulations are reducing the use of the most toxic flame retardants in many products.
We work with the Washington State Department of Health, along with industry and environmental organizations, to identify and phase out flame retardants in Washington and identify safer, feasible, and available alternatives. The first example of this work is our assessment of polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs).
Flame retardants, human health, and the environment
Not all flame retardants are the same. Some are known to be concerning for our health. The potential health effects from exposure to some flame retardants include:
- Cancer.
- Endocrine and reproductive effects.
- Neurological and developmental disorders.
Studies show that flame retardants can enter the environment from products that contain them. These chemicals can then accumulate in sediments, people, wildlife, and homes. Flame retardants have been found in:
- Human bodies: Breast milk, blood, fat.
- Homes: Household dust, indoor air.
- Food: Beef, dairy products.
- Environment: Fish, wildlife, birds, and sediments.
Products that may contain flame retardants
Manufacturers add flame retardants to foam, plastics, textiles, and other products to meet flammability standards. They are intended to slow the spread of fires and allow time for people to escape. With recent changes in flammability standards, some flame retardants are not necessary in many products. There have also been innovations in design and green chemistry that help products meet flammability standards without the use of toxic flame retardants.
Flame retardants may be found in these types of products
Regulations are reducing the use of the most toxic flame retardants in many of these products.
What is Ecology doing to reduce flame retardants?
There are numerous ways we are working to reduce flame retardants in Washington:
- Safer Products for Washington considers flame retardants a priority chemical and is working to pass regulations to reduce these chemicals and others in consumer products. We’ve continued this work in our Safer Products for Washington Program, which recently identified safer alternatives to classes of flame retardants used in electric and electronic enclosures and recreational polyurethane products.
- Children’s Safe Products Act (CSPA) restricts manufacturers of children’s products AND residential upholstered furniture from using five specific organohalogen flame retardants and identifies 16 flame retardants as reportable chemicals of high concern to children.
- Consumer product testing at Ecology allows our scientists to test products to uncover any hidden toxics that are above levels allowed by our laws.
- Chemical action plan for PBDEs focuses on Deca-BDE flame retardants and recommends prohibiting their use in specific products, which the Legislature passed in 2008. Our 2015 report to the Legislature added further recommendations.
Learn more about all of the laws in Washington that restrict toxic chemicals in products
Timeline of actions to address flame retardants
Related links
Contact information
Chemical Action Plans Team
ChemActionPlans@ecy.wa.gov